DYSPEPSIA-INDIGESTION

Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a common issue that causes discomfort in the upper abdomen. It can present as bloating, nausea, or a burning sensation, often triggered by food, stress, or underlying conditions. While occasional indigestion is harmless, persistent symptoms may require medical attention. In this post, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and available treatments—both those a pharmacist can recommend and those a doctor might prescribe.

Symptoms

• Heartburn (Acid Reflux): A burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after meals.
• Feeling of fullness and bloating.
• Nausea.
• Burping and excessive gas.
• Regurgitation of food or bitter-tasting fluids.
• Stomach pain or back pain are typically not symptoms of indigestion and may indicate constipation instead.

Causes

• Stomach acid irritation: Excess stomach acid can irritate the stomach lining or throat.
• Certain medications: Some medications may contribute to indigestion.
• Smoking: Can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter and increase acid reflux.
• Hiatus hernia: A condition where part of the stomach moves into the chest, potentially causing reflux.
• Dietary triggers: Alcohol, chocolate, and spicy foods may worsen symptoms.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure can lead to indigestion.
• Stress: Can impact digestion and exacerbate symptoms.

Lifestyle Changes to help avoid indigestion

• Limit the consumption of tea, coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcohol.
• Elevate your head and shoulders while sleeping to reduce acid reflux and prevent stomach acid from rising into the esophagus.
• Maintain a healthy weight, as excess weight can increase pressure on the stomach and worsen indigestion.
• Avoid eating within 3–4 hours before bedtime to prevent nighttime discomfort.
• Reduce intake of rich, spicy, or high-fat foods, which can trigger indigestion.
• Avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin, as they may exacerbate symptoms.
• Refrain from smoking, as it can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter and contribute to acid reflux.

OTC Medication to help relieve symptoms of indigestion

1. Antacids (Neutralize stomach acid for quick relief)

1. Maalox (Aluminum hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide), Rennie (Calcium carbonate + Magnesium carbonate)

• Mode of Action: Neutralizes gastric acid and protects the stomach lining. Magnesium hydroxide has a laxative effect, while aluminum hydroxide can cause constipation, balancing each other out.
• Use: Mild dyspepsia, occasional heartburn.
• Available as: Chewable tablets or liquid suspension.

2. Alginates (Form a protective barrier against acid reflux)

Gaviscon (Sodium alginate + Sodium bicarbonate + Calcium carbonate)

• Mode of Action: Forms a floating gel barrier that prevents acid reflux by sitting on top of stomach contents. Also neutralizes acid through its antacid components.
• Use: Acid reflux-related dyspepsia, GERD, heartburn.

• Available as:
  • Chewable tablets
  • Individual liquid sachets
  • Liquid bottle suspension

3. Natural-Based Mucosal Protectors

Bianacid (Poliprotect® complex + Polysaccharides from Aloe vera + Minerals + Flavonoids)

• Mode of Action: Forms a protective film over the stomach lining, shielding it from acid and irritants. Contains plant-based polysaccharides and minerals that soothe inflammation and promote mucosal healing.
• Use: Acid reflux, heartburn, gastritis, and dyspepsia, especially for those preferring natural alternatives.
• Available as: Chewable tablets.
• Masticha (Mastic resin extract)

“If this issue persists, it may be indicative of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). A short-term treatment prescribed by a general practitioner typically involves a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for a duration of 1 to 2 months.”